[转]WinForm如何调用Web Service-白红宇

[转]WinForm如何调用Web Service

阅读量：6874 次

发布时间：2019-06-26

本文共 9787 字，大约阅读时间需要 32 分钟。

1、建立项目WebService和WinForm项目，这里起名为WinFormInvokeWebService，如图所示，

2、Service1.asmx代码为：（这部分其实和上篇的代码是一样的）

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Services;using System.Data; namespace WebService1{    ///     /// Service1 的摘要说明    /// 
    [WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]    [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]    [System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]    // 若要允许使用 ASP.NET AJAX 从脚本中调用此 Web 服务，请取消对下行的注释。    [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]    public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService    {        //无参方法        [WebMethod]        public string HelloWorld()        {            return "Hello World";        }         //有参方法1        [WebMethod]        public int Add(int a, int b)        {            return a + b;        }         //有参方法2        [WebMethod]        public int Sum(int x)        {            int sum = 0;            for (int i = 0; i <= x; i++)            {                sum += i;            }            return sum;        }         // 返回一个复合类型        [WebMethod]        public  Student GetStudentByStuNo(string stuNo)        {            if(stuNo=="001")                return new Student { StuNo = "001", StuName = "张三" };            if(stuNo=="002")                return new Student { StuNo = "002", StuName = "李四" };            return null;        }         //返回返回泛型集合的        [WebMethod]        public List
      
        GetList()        {            List
       
         list = new List
        
         ();             list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "001", StuName = "张三" });            list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "002", StuName = "李四" });            list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "003", StuName = "王五" });            return list;        }         //返回DataSet        [WebMethod]        public  DataSet GetDataSet()        {            DataSet ds = new DataSet();            DataTable dt = new DataTable();            dt.Columns.Add("StuNo", Type.GetType("System.String"));            dt.Columns.Add("StuName", Type.GetType("System.String"));            DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();            dr["StuNo"] = "001"; dr["StuName"] = "张三";            dt.Rows.Add(dr);             dr = dt.NewRow();            dr["StuNo"] = "002"; dr["StuName"] = "李四";            dt.Rows.Add(dr);             ds.Tables.Add(dt);            return ds;        }    }    public class Student    {        public string StuNo { get; set; }        public string StuName { get; set; }    }}

3、在WebService的web.config文件的system.web节下面加上以下配置。如果不添加在运行手工发送HTTP请求调用WebService(利用GET方式)时，总是出现“远程服务器返回错误: (500) 内部服务器错误。”就是这个该死的错误，让我浪费2个多小时

4、在WinForm应用程序里添加Web引用，有人会发现选择WinForm项目里只能添加服务引用，我当初也是这么认为后来，后来发现在做异步的调用的时候有些方法实在点不出来，所以这里说下如何添加Web引用,选择项目WinFormInvokeWebService右键->添加服务引用，弹出以下对话框

(1)选择高级

（2）选择添加web引用

（3）选择“此解决方案中的Web服务”

（4）选择Service1

(5)在web引用名里输入一个服务名称，这里使用默认的名称localhost，点添加引用

5、添加3个Windows窗体，

(1)Form1拖放的控件为：

Form1的代码为：

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel;using System.Data;using System.Drawing;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Windows.Forms; namespace WinFormInvokeWebService{    public partial class Form1 : Form    {        public Form1()        {            InitializeComponent();        }         private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            localhost.Service1 service = new localhost.Service1();            localhost.Student s = service.GetStudentByStuNo("002");            MessageBox.Show("学号：" + s.StuNo + ",姓名：" + s.StuName);        }         private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            new Form2().Show();        }         private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            new Form3().Show();        }    }}

(2)Form2拖放的控件为：

Form2的代码为：

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel;using System.Data;using System.Drawing;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Windows.Forms; //导入此命名空间using System.Net;using System.Xml;using System.IO;using System.Web;   //先添加System.Web引用再导入此命名空间 namespace WinFormInvokeWebService{    public partial class Form2 : Form    {        public Form2()        {            InitializeComponent();        }         //手工发送HTTP请求调用WebService-GET方式        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            //http://localhost:3152注意你的地址可能和我的不一样，运行WebService看下你的端口改下            string strURL = "http://localhost:3152/Service1.asmx/GetStudentByStuNo?stuNo=";            strURL += this.textBox1.Text;             //创建一个HTTP请求            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(strURL);            //request.Method="get";            HttpWebResponse response = (System.Net.HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();            Stream s = response.GetResponseStream();             XmlTextReader Reader = new XmlTextReader(s);            Reader.MoveToContent();            string strValue = Reader.ReadInnerXml();            strValue = strValue.Replace("<", "<");            strValue = strValue.Replace(">", ">");            MessageBox.Show(strValue);            Reader.Close();        }         //手工发送HTTP请求调用WebService-POST方式        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            //http://localhost:3152注意你的地址可能和我的不一样，运行WebService看下你的端口改下            string strURL = "http://localhost:3152/Service1.asmx/GetStudentByStuNo";             //创建一个HTTP请求            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(strURL);             //Post请求方式            request.Method = "POST";             //内容类型            request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";             //参数经过URL编码            string paraUrlCoded = HttpUtility.UrlEncode("stuNo");             paraUrlCoded += "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(this.textBox1.Text);             byte[] payload;            //将URL编码后的字符串转化为字节            payload = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(paraUrlCoded);             //设置请求的ContentLength            request.ContentLength = payload.Length;             //获得请求流            Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();             //将请求参数写入流            writer.Write(payload, 0, payload.Length);             //关闭请求流            writer.Close();             //获得响应流            HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();            Stream s = response.GetResponseStream();             XmlTextReader Reader = new XmlTextReader(s);            Reader.MoveToContent();            string strValue = Reader.ReadInnerXml();            strValue = strValue.Replace("<", "<");            strValue = strValue.Replace(">", ">");            MessageBox.Show(strValue);            Reader.Close();        }    }}

(3)Form3拖放的控件为：

Form3的代码为：

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel;using System.Data;using System.Drawing;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Windows.Forms; namespace WinFormInvokeWebService{    public partial class Form3 : Form    {        public Form3()        {            InitializeComponent();        }         //利用Backgroundworker对象        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            BackgroundWorker backgroundworker = new BackgroundWorker();             // 注册具体异步处理的方法            backgroundworker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(back_DoWork);             // 注册调用完成后的回调方法            backgroundworker.RunWorkerCompleted += newRunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(back_RunWorkerCompleted);             // 这里开始异步调用            backgroundworker.RunWorkerAsync();             //调用服务的同时客户端处理并不停止            ChangeProcessBar();        }         //完成事件        void back_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)        {            if (e.Error != null)                throw e.Error;            progressBar1.Value = progressBar1.Maximum;                              //调用完成了,把客户端进度条填充满            localhost.Student s = e.Result as localhost.Student;                    //获取处理结果            MessageBox.Show("学号：" + s.StuNo + ",姓名：" + s.StuName);            //显示从服务器获取的结果值        }        //调用方法        void back_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)        {            // Web Service代理类            localhost.Service1 service = new localhost.Service1();             // 调用Web方法GetClass1，结果赋值给DoWorkEventArgs的Result对象            e.Result = service.GetStudentByStuNo("002");        }         ///         /// 界面的进度条显示        /// 
        void ChangeProcessBar()        {            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)            {                progressBar1.Value = i;                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);            }        }         //调用WebMethod的Async方法        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            // Web Service代理类            localhost.Service1 service = new localhost.Service1();             //这里开始异步调用            //service.GetProductPriceAsync("001");            service.GetStudentByStuNoAsync("002");             // 注册调用完成后的回调方法            service.GetStudentByStuNoCompleted += newlocalhost.GetStudentByStuNoCompletedEventHandler(GetStudentByStuNoCompleted);             //调用同时客户端处理不停止            ChangeProcessBar();        }        //完成事件        void GetStudentByStuNoCompleted(object sender, localhost.GetStudentByStuNoCompletedEventArgs e)        {            if (e.Error != null)                throw e.Error;            progressBar1.Value = progressBar1.Maximum;                              //调用完成了,把客户端进度条填充满            localhost.Student s = e.Result as localhost.Student;                    //获取处理结果            MessageBox.Show("学号：" + s.StuNo + ",姓名：" + s.StuName);            //显示从服务器获取的结果值        }    }}

运行结果：

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